Dr. Nicholas Franco is a renowned urologist who has contributed greatly to urological care in Montreal, New Orleans and Florida. He holds both Canadian and U.S citizenships and began his academic career at McGill University, where he earned a B.S degree in Human Physiology and an M.S degree in Renal Physiology from the University of Sherbrooke. He then went on to get his MD at the Université de Montréal.
His training included numerous postgraduate programs such as residencies at McGill University and the University of Toronto, as well as specialized fellowships including Urogynecology and Pelvic Floor Reconstruction at LSU (New Orleans) and a mini-fellowship in Advanced Urologic Laparoscopic Surgery at UC Irvine.
Throughout Dr. Franco’s illustrious career, he held key academic appointments such as Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery/Head of Female Urology/Urodynamics Lab at Tulane University School of Medicine. In addition, he made significant contributions to the Urogynecology/Pelvic Floor Reconstruction Fellowship Program at LSU. He was also a visiting professor in many European countries sharing his knowledge with other doctors during various conferences around the world. Several scientific papers have already been published by him that deal with urinary incontinence, pelvic floor reconstruction, prostate problems among others which are reviewed by his peers. Having received several awards like the University of Toronto Award for Medical Teaching Excellence alongside Castle Connolly Top Doctors Awards for multiple consecutive years shows how much Dr. Franco impacted on advancing urological care throughout his professional life. His impact will remain even after retirement influencing what future urologists’ practice will be like thus influencing so many lives ahead.
Dr. Franco, what are the early warning signs and symptoms that individuals should be aware of when it comes to prostate cancer, and how do they differ from symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
From my experience , early symptoms of prostate cancer often mimic those of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). These include reduced urinary stream, difficulty to urinate, urinary frequency/urgency especially at night. Blood in urine and sometimes in semen, back and bone pain are more suggestive of prostate cancer. This is why it is important to seek medical evaluation. The diagnostic work up usually includes a digital rectal exam, blood test for PSA level ( an elevated or significant rise in value from a prior one usually is suspicious for prostate cancer). Finally transrectal ultrasound or MRI guided prostate biopsies are carried out when prostate cancer is suspected based on the clinical and laboratory findings. Treatment for prostate cancer includes , watchful observation, surgery, various forms of radiation therapies, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. On its part, BPH treatment may include medications, minimally invasive therapies, or surgery to relieve symptoms.
Could you discuss the potential causes and risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in both men and women, and how do these factors influence treatment decisions?
Urinary incontinence can result from weakened pelvic floor muscles, nerve damage, hormonal changes, infections, medications, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor exercises, medication, medical devices, and surgical procedures. Individualized care considers factors such as severity, underlying causes, and patient preferences for optimal outcomes.
What treatment options are available for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and how do you determine the most appropriate course of action based on factors such as the patient’s age, gender, and medical history?
UTI treatment usually involves antibiotics to eliminate bacteria from the urinary tract. For uncomplicated cases, oral antibiotics suffice, whereas severe or recurrent infections may require intravenous antibiotics. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and address underlying causes such as urinary retention, anatomical abnormalities, or catheter-associated infections, ensuring effective management and prevention strategies.
Dr. Franco, could you explain the various types of kidney stones, their causes, and the recommended treatment strategies for each type?
There are several types of kidney stones, including calcium, uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones, and they usually cause severe pain, hematuria, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment options range from pain management and increased fluid intake for small stones to lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or surgical removal for larger stones. Additionally, dietary modifications, medications, and lifestyle changes can help prevent stone recurrence.
Can you elaborate on the symptoms and underlying causes of erectile dysfunction (ED), and what treatment options are available to address this condition?
Often, Erectile dysfunction (ED) manifests as difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection. It is usually due to underlying conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, or psychological factors. There are several treatment options available and include oral medications, vacuum erection devices, penile injections, or surgical implants. Moreover, lifestyle changes, therapy, and addressing underlying health issues contribute to effective ED management.
What role does lifestyle modification play in managing urological conditions such as kidney stones, urinary incontinence, and prostate issues, and what specific changes do you recommend to patients?
Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in managing urological conditions. For kidney stones, increasing fluid intake and dietary changes can prevent stone formation. Pelvic floor exercises and bladder training help manage urinary incontinence. Prostate health benefits from a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking/alcohol. In the course of my career, I noted that, educating patients on these lifestyle factors empowers them to improve urological health.
Dr. Franco, could you discuss the potential risks and complications associated with surgical interventions for urological conditions such as prostate cancer, kidney stones, and urinary incontinence?
Surgical interventions for urological conditions carry risks such as infection, bleeding, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and recurrence. Complications usually depend on factors like surgical technique, patient health, and the complexity of the procedure. Pre-operative assessments, patient counseling, and post-operative monitoring are essential to minimize risks and optimize outcomes.
For patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), what non-surgical treatment options are available to alleviate symptoms, and how effective are they compared to surgical interventions?
Several Non-surgical BPH treatments are available and include alpha-blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, or combination therapy to alleviate symptoms. Minimally invasive procedures like transurethral microwave therapy or laser therapy also offer alternatives to traditional surgery for moderate to severe symptoms. The option to go for usually depends on patient preference, symptom severity, and prostate size.
Could you provide insights into the latest advancements in urological treatments, such as minimally invasive procedures and targeted therapies for prostate cancer and other urological conditions?
Advancements in urological treatments include robotic-assisted surgery for prostate cancer, targeted therapies for advanced prostate cancer, and shockwave lithotripsy for kidney stones. Minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic and robotic surgery offer improved precision and faster recovery times. Often, personalized treatment approaches based on patient characteristics and disease characteristics enhance treatment efficacy.
Dr. Franco, as a renowned urologist with extensive experience, what advice do you have for patients who are seeking to maintain optimal urological health and prevent common conditions such as UTIs, kidney stones, and prostate issues?
I would advise them to seek lifestyle adjustments and live healthy lifestyles. This involves staying hydrated, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding holding urine for extended periods. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports urinary tract health. Regular exercise, managing chronic conditions, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption also contribute to overall urological wellness. Lastly, regular check-ups with a urologist aid in early detection and prevention. It all boils down to being mindful about your health.